Sources & methods.

A useful comparison starts with a clearly defined measurement. This page records the values, reference populations and artwork used across HeightPair.

How the comparison scale works

Height values are stored in millimeters. Every subject uses the same linear scale and reference baseline. Changing the display unit preserves those values. Height is measured vertically. Body length, width and wingspan retain the calibrated axis and endpoints of the source artwork. A horizontal bracket marks horizontal measurements. Shoulder height is marked below the highest part of the animal.

Human silhouettes show generic proportions. User images are scaled between the trimmed image's upper and lower edges. The user supplies the height and is responsible for a suitable upright, full-body image.

The body model

The continuous human mesh derives from MakeHuman Community core assets released under CC0. The retained source is pinned to a specific upstream Git revision. The model includes head, hands and feet, with separate base shapes and measurement-driven deformations.

Body height is floor to crown. Chest, waist and hip readouts measure closed horizontal contours on the deformed torso, excluding arms. Inseam uses the crotch landmark to the floor. Local adjustments change the resulting mesh measurements, which are displayed below the viewer.

The viewer fits geometric section targets within its supported range. The preview illustrates proportions. Human anatomy, tissue distribution and garment fit involve additional information.

MakeHuman asset license · Retained model notice

Height percentile data

Children and teenagers

The WHO 2007 height-for-age reference covers ages 61–228 months. Published monthly LMS parameters provide the reference distribution. Fractional ages linearly interpolate adjacent monthly coefficients, then calculate a z-score and a normal-distribution percentile.

WHO 2007 growth reference

Adults

Adult height quantiles come from CDC/NCHS, Anthropometric Reference Data for Children and Adults, United States, August 2021–August 2023, Table 7. The calculator uses the published age and sex groups and interpolates between available weighted percentile points.

Heights outside the published quantile range display a boundary such as “Below 5th.” The oldest adult groups have fewer published upper-tail quantiles, which the result preserves. This reference describes the measured US population during that survey period.

CDC/NCHS original report, Table 7

Reference library

Selected examples represent a particular specimen, design or reference value. Natural variation and reconstructed anatomy are stated in the source records. The library retains calibrated artwork and measurement records from the Bigger vs project.

The stated dimension follows its source definition. Other dimensions follow the retained illustration's proportions and view. Natural examples vary, and fossil outlines reflect reconstructed anatomy.

Adult human

Height · 1.7 m · defined reference

A standing person defined as 1.70 m tall; not a population average.

Ground under the feet to the crown of the head.

Reference model

Artwork · Original project illustration

Giraffe

Height · 5 m · representative

A selected adult male giraffe example; not a claimed species-wide average.

Ground under the hooves to the top of the upright silhouette, including ossicones.

Giraffe Conservation Foundation · p. 3

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Ostrich

Height · 2.4 m · representative

Adult male ostrich, ground to crown with upright neck.

Adult male ostrich, ground to crown with upright neck.

San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Emperor penguin

Height · 1.1 m · representative

Standing adult emperor penguin; feet to crown.

Ground under the feet to the top of the upright animal.

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Chicken

Height · 0.4 m · representative

Standing domestic hen; ground to top of comb.

Standing domestic hen; ground to top of comb.

Malkia Park

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Brachiosaurus

Height · 12 m · representative · reconstructed estimate

Estimated ground-to-head height with raised neck; not shoulder height or a mounted-skeleton measurement.

Estimated ground-to-head height with raised neck; not shoulder height or a mounted-skeleton measurement.

US Geological Survey

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Interior door

Height · 2.03 m · representative

Selected US 80-inch-class interior door leaf; excludes frame.

Bottom to top of the door leaf, excluding frame and threshold.

JELD-WEN · product specification

Artwork · Original Bigger vs project drawing · Original artwork record

Wine bottle

Height · 0.3 m · representative

Selected 750 mL Bordeaux-style bottle.

Base to bottle lip; excludes any projecting cork.

Cristallo · Bordeaux bottle drawing

Artwork · Original Bigger vs project drawing · Original artwork record

Soda can

Height · 0.122 m · representative

Selected approximately 12.2 cm standard 355 mL beverage can.

Base to top of the illustrated can; pull tab does not extend above the rim.

Ball · 12 oz standard can engineering drawing

Artwork · Original Bigger vs project drawing · Original artwork record

London double-decker bus

Height · 4.4 m · representative

Selected London-style double-decker bus, not a specific vehicle specification.

Ground under tyres to roof; no advertising equipment.

Caneparo Associates · vehicle tracking drawing

Artwork · Original Bigger vs project drawing · Original artwork record

Saturn V rocket

Height · 110.6 m · fixed

Apollo–Saturn V complete launch stack including escape tower; excludes crawler and launch platform.

Apollo–Saturn V complete launch stack including escape tower; excludes crawler and launch platform.

NASA

Artwork · Original Bigger vs project drawing · Original artwork record

Great Pyramid of Giza

Height · 138.75 m · fixed

Surviving Great Pyramid height above its base; not reconstructed original height.

Surviving Great Pyramid height above its base; not reconstructed original height.

Rainer Stadelmann · Harvard Giza Project archive

Artwork · Original Bigger vs project drawing · Original artwork record

Eiffel Tower

Height · 330 m · fixed

Overall height including the antenna installed in March 2022.

Ground to antenna tip; not roof height or the previous 324 m height.

Société d’Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel

Artwork · Original project illustration

Big Ben

Height · 96 m · fixed

Elizabeth Tower overall height, not the Big Ben bell.

Ground or specified base to the named top endpoint.

UK Parliament

Artwork · Original Bigger vs project drawing · Original artwork record

Leaning Tower of Pisa

Height · 56 m · fixed

Above-ground height; municipality’s approximately 56 m figure, not foundation-to-top length.

Above-ground height; municipality’s approximately 56 m figure, not foundation-to-top length.

Municipality of Pisa

Artwork · Original Bigger vs project drawing · Original artwork record

Washington Monument

Height · 169.046 m · fixed

Architectural height from lowest open-air pedestrian entrance to top; 2014 survey.

Ground or specified base to the named top endpoint.

NOAA National Geodetic Survey

Artwork · Original Bigger vs project drawing · Original artwork record

Burj Khalifa

Height · 828 m · fixed

Architectural height including the spire, excluding technical equipment above it.

Lowest significant open-air pedestrian entrance to architectural top; not the 829.8 m tip or highest occupied floor.

Emaar

Artwork · Original project illustration

Taipei 101

Height · 508 m · fixed

Operator’s published overall tower height including spire; rounded to metres.

Ground or specified base to the named top endpoint.

Taipei 101

Artwork · Original Bigger vs project drawing · Original artwork record

Space Needle

Height · 184.4 m · fixed

Ground to aircraft warning beacon.

Ground or specified base to the named top endpoint.

Space Needle

Artwork · Original Bigger vs project drawing · Original artwork record

Statue of Liberty

Height · 92.99 m · fixed

Ground to torch tip, including foundation and pedestal.

Ground beneath the foundation to the torch flame tip; includes 46.94 m of foundation and pedestal beneath the 46.05 m figure.

US National Park Service

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Christ the Redeemer

Height · 38 m · fixed

30 m statue plus 8 m pedestal.

Ground beneath the 8 m pedestal to the top of the 30 m statue, a total of 38 m.

Santuário Cristo Redentor

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Blue whale

Body length · 25 m · representative

A selected adult blue whale example, not a species-wide average or maximum.

Snout to tail extremity along the straightened side-view body axis.

NOAA Fisheries

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Sperm whale

Body length · 16 m · representative

Adult male length; females are substantially smaller.

Front of the head to the farthest tail-fluke tip in lateral projection.

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Orca

Body length · 7 m · representative

Adult male; straight snout-to-fluke total length.

Snout to the farthest tail-fluke tip, along the horizontal body axis.

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Great white shark

Body length · 4.5 m · representative

Adult great white, straight snout-to-tail length.

Snout to the farthest caudal-fin tip; dorsal and pectoral fins do not define length.

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Whale shark

Body length · 10 m · representative

Adult whale shark, total length including caudal fin.

Snout to the farthest caudal-fin tip along the horizontal axis.

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Bottlenose dolphin

Body length · 3 m · representative

Adult common bottlenose dolphin, total length.

Beak tip to the farthest tail-fluke tip along the body axis.

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

African elephant

Shoulder height · 3.2 m · representative

Adult male African bush elephant; shoulder height, not head or ear height.

Ground under the feet to the withers; excludes head and ears.

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Hippopotamus

Body length · 3.5 m · representative

Adult hippopotamus, total horizontal profile length.

Front of muzzle to the rear extremity of the horizontal profile, including the short tail.

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

White rhinoceros

Body length · 3.8 m · representative

Adult white rhinoceros; head-body length, excluding tail and projecting horn.

Snout to rump in side elevation; excludes the projecting horn and tail.

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Polar bear

Body length · 2.5 m · representative

Adult male polar bear, nose to short tail.

Nose to the short tail at the rear of the horizontal profile.

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Bengal tiger

Body length · 1.9 m · representative

Bengal tiger example; snout to rump, excluding tail.

Bengal tiger example; snout to rump, excluding tail.

San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Lion

Body length · 1.95 m · representative

Adult male lion; head-body length excluding the tail.

Nose to tail root at the rump; the long tail is outside the measuring span.

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Horse

Shoulder height · 1.6 m · representative

Adult riding horse; ground to withers, not ears.

Ground under the feet to the withers; excludes head and ears.

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Saltwater crocodile

Body length · 4.5 m · representative

Adult male saltwater crocodile; straightened snout-to-tail length.

Snout tip to the tip of the straightened tail.

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Siberian Husky

Shoulder height · 0.57 m · representative

Adult male Siberian Husky; ground to withers, excluding head and ears.

Adult male Siberian Husky; ground to withers, excluding head and ears.

American Kennel Club

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

House cat

Body length · 0.46 m · representative

Domestic short-haired cat example, snout to rump; excludes tail and whiskers.

Domestic short-haired cat example, snout to rump; excludes tail and whiskers.

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Giant squid

Body length · 12 m · representative

Giant squid total length, mantle tip to extended feeding tentacle tips.

Giant squid total length, mantle tip to extended feeding tentacle tips.

Natural History Museum, London

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Grey wolf

Body length · 1.3 m · representative

Gray wolf; nose to tail root, not tail tip.

Gray wolf; nose to tail root, not tail tip.

US National Park Service · Yellowstone wolf field protocol

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Tyrannosaurus rex

Body length · 12.3 m · representative · reconstructed estimate

Estimated straight snout-to-tail total length of the reconstruction.

Estimated straight snout-to-tail total length of the reconstruction.

Natural History Museum, London

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Triceratops

Body length · 8.5 m · representative · reconstructed estimate

Estimated straight snout-to-tail total length of the reconstruction.

Estimated straight snout-to-tail total length of the reconstruction.

Natural History Museum, London

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Stegosaurus

Body length · 9 m · representative · reconstructed estimate

Estimated straight snout-to-tail total length of the reconstruction.

Estimated straight snout-to-tail total length of the reconstruction.

Natural History Museum, London

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Velociraptor

Body length · 1.8 m · representative · reconstructed estimate

Estimated straight snout-to-tail total length of the reconstruction.

Estimated straight snout-to-tail total length of the reconstruction.

Natural History Museum, London

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Diplodocus

Body length · 26 m · representative · reconstructed estimate

Estimated straight snout-to-tail total length of the reconstruction.

Estimated straight snout-to-tail total length of the reconstruction.

Natural History Museum, London

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Spinosaurus

Body length · 14 m · representative · reconstructed estimate

Estimated straight snout-to-tail total length of the reconstruction.

Estimated straight snout-to-tail total length of the reconstruction.

Natural History Museum, London

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Pteranodon

Wingspan · 6 m · representative · reconstructed estimate

Estimated fully extended wingtip-to-wingtip span of Pteranodon longiceps.

Estimated fully extended wingtip-to-wingtip span of Pteranodon longiceps.

American Museum of Natural History

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Quetzalcoatlus

Wingspan · 10.5 m · representative · reconstructed estimate

Estimated fully extended wingtip-to-wingtip span of Quetzalcoatlus northropi.

Estimated fully extended wingtip-to-wingtip span of Quetzalcoatlus northropi.

University of Texas at Austin

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Woolly mammoth

Shoulder height · 3.1 m · representative · reconstructed estimate

Woolly mammoth reconstruction; ground to shoulder, excluding cranial dome and tusks.

Woolly mammoth reconstruction; ground to shoulder, excluding cranial dome and tusks.

Natural History Museum, London

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Megalodon

Body length · 15 m · representative · reconstructed estimate

Estimated total snout-to-tail length of Otodus megalodon.

Estimated total snout-to-tail length of Otodus megalodon.

Natural History Museum, London

Artwork · Original AI-assisted project illustration; vectorized with Potrace

Acoustic guitar

Length · 1 m · representative

Selected full-size acoustic guitar; not scale length or body-only length.

Base of body to end of headstock.

Yamaha

Artwork · Original Bigger vs project drawing · Original artwork record

Bicycle

Length · 1.75 m · representative

Selected adult bicycle, wheels aligned; not a frame size.

Rear tyre extremity to front tyre extremity.

Polygon Bikes · Heist 2 geometry

Artwork · Original Bigger vs project drawing · Original artwork record

Basketball

Diameter · 0.24 m · representative

Selected men’s size 7 basketball; not a women’s size 6.

Diameter through centre.

FIBA · Basketball Equipment 2020

Artwork · Original project vector drafting with spherical surface projection and measured equipment endpoints

Basketball hoop

Rim height · 3.05 m · fixed

Generic portable backstop, with a frontal 1.80 × 1.05 m backboard and the rear support offset for visibility. The reference measurement is the 3.05 m rim top. Support and finish are illustrative.

Court y=395 to rim top y=90. Backboard top y=0 and bottom y=105. Target rectangle lower-band top is y=90.

FIBA · Basketball Equipment 2024

Artwork · Original HeightPair vector drafting using cited equipment dimensions

Soccer goal

Width · 7.32 m · fixed

Regulation clear opening between posts; excludes post thickness.

Inside edge of left post to inside edge of right post.

The IFAB

Artwork · Original project vector drafting; measured endpoints follow the cited equipment rules

Mid-size sedan

Length · 4.9 m · representative

Unbranded midsize sedan in the 4.9 m class.

Rear to front bumper, excluding accessories.

Toyota · Camry specifications

Artwork · Original Bigger vs project drawing · Original artwork record

City bus

Length · 12 m · representative

An unbranded city bus in the 12 m class; not a specific Citaro model.

Rear to front body extremity in side elevation; mirrors do not define length.

Mercedes-Benz Buses · pp. 2–3

Artwork · Original project illustration

40-foot shipping container

Length · 12.192 m · fixed

40-foot ISO container nominal external overall length; not cargo-space internal length.

40-foot ISO container nominal external overall length; not cargo-space internal length.

Hapag-Lloyd

Artwork · Original Bigger vs project drawing · Original artwork record

Boeing 747-8

Length · 76.3 m · fixed

747-8 Intercontinental overall length, not 747-400 length.

Tail extremity x=0 to nose extremity x=763 in a plan-view illustration. Wing and equipment details are schematic.

Boeing

Artwork · Original HeightPair vector drafting using cited equipment dimensions

Female reference person

Height · 1.65 m · defined reference

A generic authored female base model defined as 165 cm tall. The appearance is illustrative and does not represent a population average.

Top of the crown at normalized SVG y=0 to the sole baseline at y=1000, with transparent tight horizontal bounds.

HeightPair reference model / MakeHuman core assets

Artwork · MakeHuman core CC0 mesh, targets and rig weights; HeightPair Blender refinement, deformation and orthographic projection · License · Original artwork record

Male reference person

Height · 1.8 m · defined reference

A generic authored male base model defined as 180 cm tall. The appearance is illustrative and does not represent a population average.

Top of the crown at normalized SVG y=0 to the sole baseline at y=1000, with transparent tight horizontal bounds.

HeightPair reference model / MakeHuman core assets

Artwork · MakeHuman core CC0 mesh, targets and rig weights; HeightPair Blender refinement, deformation and orthographic projection · License · Original artwork record

Neutral reference person

Height · 1.73 m · defined reference

A generic authored neutral base model defined as 173 cm tall. The appearance is illustrative and does not represent a population average.

Top of the crown at normalized SVG y=0 to the sole baseline at y=1000, with transparent tight horizontal bounds.

HeightPair reference model / MakeHuman core assets

Artwork · MakeHuman core CC0 mesh, targets and rig weights; HeightPair Blender refinement, deformation and orthographic projection · License · Original artwork record

ADDE chair

Height · 0.77 m · fixed

Overall assembled height of the named ADDE chair. Simplified frontal elevation with 390 mm overall width and 450 mm seat-top height.

Floor under the chair feet to the top of the backrest, represented by y=770 to y=0 in the 390 × 770 SVG.

IKEA China

Artwork · Original HeightPair schematic based on IKEA product dimensions

LACK side table

Height · 0.45 m · fixed

Overall assembled height of the named 550 × 550 mm LACK table, in simplified frontal elevation. Rear legs overlap the visible legs in this view.

Floor under the table feet to the top surface, represented by y=450 to y=0 in the 550 × 450 SVG.

IKEA Sweden

Artwork · Original HeightPair schematic based on IKEA product dimensions

Brand illustrations

The editorial sculpture images and social sharing artwork were made for this project with generative image tools. They illustrate the product's visual direction. Interactive measurements use the separately calibrated SVG and 3D geometry described above.

DM Sans and Barlow Semi Condensed are self-hosted under their SIL Open Font Licenses. Original source assets and detailed build provenance are retained with the project.

Updated November 14, 2026.